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CRAZY ABOUT BIOMEDICINE 2020

16 set. 19

Organitzat per l'IRB Barcelona en col·laboració amb la Fundació Catalunya La Pedrera.

Els tutors d'aquesta edició són: Daniela Romão, Elena Gapar, Anna Pijuan, Maria Caballero, Mateusz Biesaga, Ilaria Dutto, Nevenka Radic, Diego Gallego, Miguel Martin, Marta Kovatcheva, Marina Bellido, Amir Ali, Blazej Baginski and Clara Borràs.

Imatge

Presentation

 

Objectius

Bojos per la Biomedicina és un curs dirigit als estudiants del primer any de batxillerat que desitgin explorar alguns dels descobriments fascinants que s'estan fent actualment en les ciències de la vida. A través d'aquest curs, els estudiants tindran l'oportunitat d'aprofundir el seu coneixement de la teoria i tècniques científiques en el camp de la biomedicina. Treballaran juntament amb investigadors joves per experimentar com es fa ciència en un institut de recerca internacional, guanyar una mica d'experiència pràctica en les últimes metodologies d'avantguarda i posicionar-se per a una possible carrera professional en les ciències de la vida.

 

Descripció del curs

Taller d'un any de durada sobre les ciències de la vida per a estudiants de batxillerat. Organitzat per l'IRB Barcelona dins el Programa "Bojos per la Ciència" de la Fundació Catalunya La Pedrera. "Bojos per la Ciència" de la Fundació Catalunya La Pedrera.

Aquest curs combina sessions teòriques i activitats experimentals pràctiques, que es duran a terme durant 18 dissabtes de l'any. El curs tractarà 12 temes científics actuals, que van des de la biologia cel·lular i molecular fins a la biologia estructural i computacional i la química, presentats per investigadors joves de l'IRB Barcelona. En el primer semestre (gener-abril 2020), els 3 primers dissabtes es dedicaran a aquestes sessions teòriques generals per a tots els participants. Durant els 6 dissabtes següents, es formaran grups petits que entraran als laboratoris per a les sessions pràctiques. A continuació, es repetirà aquest programa amb 6 temes de recerca nous per al segon semestre (maig-novembre). Els estudiants participants s'hauran de comprometre a assistir al curs durant tot l'any.

 

Idioma del curs

Totes les xerrades i sessions pràctiques es faran en anglès.

 

Dates i horaris

El curs tindrà lloc de gener a novembre de 2020, 10.00-14.00h.

1r SEMESTRE

  • Div. 10 gener 2020: Inauguració al Mon Sant Benet- Sant Fruitós del Bages
  • Diss. 11 gener: Xerrades 1-2
  • Diss. 18 gener: Xerrades 3-4
  • Diss. 1 febrer: Xerrades 5-6
  • Diss. 15 febrer: Sessió pràctica 1
  • Diss. 29 febrer: Sessió pràctica 2
  • Diss. 14 març: Sessió pràctica 3
  • Diss. 28 març: Sessió pràctica 4
  • Diss. 18 abril: Sessió pràctica 5
  • Diss. 25 abril: Sessió pràctica 6

2n SEMESTRE

  • Diss. 16 maig: Xerrades 1-2
  • Diss. 30 maig: Xerrades 3-4
  • Diss. 6 juny: Xerrades 5-6
  • Diss. 19 setember: Sessió pràctica 1
  • Diss. 3 octubre: Sessió pràctica 2
  • Diss. 17 octubre: Sessió pràctica 3
  • Diss. 24 octubre: Sessió pràctica 4
  • Diss. 7 novembre: Sessió pràctica 5
  • Diss. 21 novembre: Sessió pràctica 6

 

Preu del curs

Els participants hauran d'abonar a la Fundació Catalunya La Pedrera la quantitat de 150 euros corresponent a les despeses d’organització i gestió del programa.

Els estudiants rebran un certificat de participació en finalitzar el curs en una cerimònia especial de cloenda al gener de 2020, a la que podran assistir pares i professors.

 

Lloc on es realitzarà el curs

Institut de Recerca Biomèdica (IRB Barcelona)

C/ Baldiri Reixac, 10
08028 Barcelona

 

Qui pot sol·licitar una plaça

Aquest curs està dirigit als estudiants de primer any de batxillerat que tinguin un interès i talent especials en els camps relacionats amb les ciències de la vida.

Els estudiants poden sol·licitar plaça a un màxim de 2 dels programes de la sèrie "Bojos per la Ciència" i finalment només podran participar en un d'ells.

 

Com sol·licitar una plaça

Les inscripcions s'hauran de realitzar aquí a partir del 16 de setembre 2019.

Els estudiants interessats hauran d'emplenar el formulari de sol·licitud i incloure una carta de motivació. També es demanarà una carta de recomanació directament de dos dels seus professors que coneguin bé l'alumne/a. En el cas de que l'estudiant hagi canviat de centre aquest curs, suggerim que sol·licitin les cartes als antics professors. 

La data límit d'inscripció és el 24 d'octubre 2019.

El curs està obert a un total de 24 estudiants. Se seleccionaran els candidats en funció del seu expedient acadèmic, de les recomanacions dels seus professors i de la seva motivació per participar-hi. Es convidarà els candidats preseleccionats a fer entrevistes amb els organitzadors científics al novembre, després de les quals es farà la selecció final. La primera setmana de desembre es comunicarà el resultat als estudiants. Es demanarà als estudiants seleccionats per participar-hi i als seus pares/tutors legals que signin una carta de compromís d'assistir a totes les sessions.

 

Col·laboradors

Fundació Catalunya La Pedrera

Facebook: @LaPedrera.Fundacio
Twitter: @PedreraFundacio
Instagram: #bojosperlaciencia 

Bojos per la Ciència

Facebook: @LaPedrera.Ciencia
Twitter: @PedreraCiencia
Instagram: @lapedrera_ciencia

    

 

Per a qualsevol dubte, siusplau contacteu-nos a: irb_outreach@irbbarcelona.org

 

Dates importants

  • 24 d'octubre 2019: Data límit inscripció
  • 7 de novembre 2019: Contacte amb els candidats pre-seleccionats
  • 8-21 de novembre 2019: Entrevistes
  • 22 de novembre 2019: Contacte amb els candidats seleccionats
  • 10 de gener 2020: Inauguració al Món Sant Benet –Sant Fruitós del Bages
  • 11 de gener 2020: Inici del curs
  • Cerimònia de Clausura- Per determinar

Programme

SEMESTER 1

1. Interacting Is Living, Living Is Interacting

Diego Gallego (Molecular Modelling and Bioinformatics)

Have you ever wondered about the fundamental principles that explain life? Our body, a fruit fly, or a flower consists of cells. These (including bacteria and even archaebacteria), in turn, comprise four big groups of molecules: lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids. But if you mix these building blocks in vitro, you will not see a cell. And why not? Because a cell is much more than the sum of its parts. To understand the complete picture, you have to know how the parts (molecules) interact with each other. When you analyse networks of interactions, you can understand very complex processes such as transcription, translation, mitosis, metabolism, and signalling pathways, etc.

The correct interaction between any two molecules (e.g. a protein and DNA) depends heavily on their 3D structure. In turn, this structure is acquired through a process of folding, guided (again) by intra-molecular interactions. One of our main interests is understanding, modelling, and predicting the 3D structure, dynamics and interactions of nucleic acids.

In this course, we will see biomedicine from a computational perspective. We will work with a real modelling problem that will allow us to cross the boundaries between structural bioinformatics, chemistry and physics. After this experience, the take-home message will be clear: interactions are the fundamental principle that allows us to understand each and every process of life. 

 

2. To Mutate or Not to Mutate? 

Clara Borràs and Nevenka Radic (Signalling and Cell Cycle Laboratory)

Our cells can endure tens of thousands of DNA-damaging stimuli per day. However, not all DNA damage events will lead to a mutation because cells have evolved a number of mechanisms to recognise and repair various types of damage. When cells accumulate too much damage, they will either stop the cell cycle or die. However, certain cells “escape” this fate and continue dividing, a process that may lead to tumour formation.

In this course, we will talk about the importance of DNA repair mechanisms and the effect DNA damage can have on both healthy and tumour cells. We will also use a variety of techniques to determine the level of DNA damage in cancer cells under different conditions.

 

3. Identifying New Genes Involved in Brain Size Regulation 

Ilaria Dutto (Genomic Instability and Cancer Laboratory)

To identify regulators of human brain size, we screened candidate genes that carried fixed sequence changes in H. sapiens compared to H. neanderthalensis. The screening identified a protein that plays a role in de novo synthesis of purine, one of the building blocks of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). This protein is crucial for correct DNA replication and ATP/ADP ratio in the cell, and mutations in its sequence cause a disease characterised by a spectrum of central nervous system defects, including mental retardation, epilepsy, autism and microcephaly, as well as growth delay.

We use a human cell line to delineate the mechanisms at a cellular level, and zebrafish and chicken embryos to understand what defects protein depletion causes during development.

In this course, we will learn how identify an adequate model system for our research project, and how to culture human cell lines and prepare experiments to test cell proliferation.

 

4. Mirror, Mirror on the Wall… Who Is the Most Helpful Insect of Them All? – Getting to Know Tumorigenesis Through the Fly 

 Elena Gaspar and Daniela Ferreira (Development and Growth Control Laboratory)

The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is an impressive model organism that has a long history of helping researchers understand the basic processes behind several diseases and systemic behaviours. This tiny organism has emerged as a potent tool for genetic manipulation, offering innumerable possibilities to analyse the detailed interaction between cells and tissues. 

On the molecular level, the fruit fly shares many similarities and conserved pathways with humans, and 60% of genes identified to be mutated, amplified or deleted in diverse human diseases have a counterpart in Drosophila.

During this semester, we will learn how to study the complex process of tumorigenesis using this model organism, both with a local and systemic approach. We will focus mainly on carcinomas, the most common type of tumour diagnosed in humans.

Carcinomas are derived from epithelial tissue, such as the skin, and they can become invasive or metastatic by spreading beyond the primary tissue layer and surrounding tissues or organs. In aggressive cancer cells, this transition is mediated by the activation of the EMT (Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition) programme, which causes the cells to undergo morphogenetic alterations that increase invasive capacity.

In this course, we will introduce you to the first steps in fly genetics. We will cross flies, identify genetic markers and balancer chromosomes, and apply other genetic tools that we use in the lab every day. We will also learn about the anatomy of the fly in adult and larvae stages and use advanced microscopy to see several genetic markers. We will also perform in vivo dissections and their respective immunohistochemistry.

 

5. Proteins: Powerful Tools in Biomedicine 

Mateusz Biesaga (Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics)

Proteins comprise a major part of living matter. They are key players in all cellular processes…they regulate, organise, transport, store, provide structure, and support other functions. Thanks to advances in biotechnology, scientists are now able to precisely design, produce and purify many proteins, thus allowing them to study the features of these molecules. Indeed, proteins are not only the focus of research activity but are also pivotal in many biomedical applications. One example is synthetic human insulin, which is produced in bacteria or yeast, used to treat millions of diabetes patients worldwide. A second example is the protein complex biotin and streptavidin, which is widely employed in molecular diagnostic tests.

In this course, we will learn how to produce proteins in vitro and understand their main structural and functional features. We will employ laboratory techniques that are used to obtain pure protein solutions. Furthermore, we will discuss how to engineer a protein, from the design of DNA that encodes it to the purification process, and also the use of recombinant proteins in biomedicine.

 

6. Dealing with Stress

Anna Pijuan and Maria Caballero (Cell Signaling)

A fundamental property of living cells is the ability to sense and respond to fluctuations in their environment. Cells have developed a number of signal transduction pathways that serve to adapt to and survive these changes. 

The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a well-established eukaryotic model organism, has several advantages: ease of manipulation; short life span; ability to produce a large number of offspring; and a sequenced genome. We use S. cerevisiae to study the adaptive eukaryotic responses to a variety of environmental stresses. Remarkably, many processes initially discovered and studied in yeast, such as transcription regulation, stress-signalling transduction, and cell cycle regulation, are conserved in higher eukaryotes and therefore allow for translational studies.

Yeast and mammals have a conserved family of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs)—known as stress-activated signalling pathways (SAPKs) of the Hog1/p38 family—that sense and respond to changes in the extracellular environment. The activation of SAPKs leads to the generation of a set of adaptive responses that involves modulation of several physiological processes, such as changes in gene transcription, cell metabolism, protein translation and cell cycle progression.

In this course, we will learn how to manipulate and work with S. cerevisiae. To understand how cells detect an external signal and transduce it in order to elicit a proper response to ensure survival, we will study the activation of Hog1 MAPK at the protein level upon different stress conditions and also examine mutant strains. We will also learn how mutations in distinct genes can produce different phenotypes in response to stress.

 

 

SEMESTER 2

1. How Do Pro-Metastatic Fats Affect the Proteome? 

Miguel Martin (Stem Cells and Cancer)

Cancer is a disease involving abnormal cell growth (tumour) with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body (metastasis). It is the fifth leading cause of death worldwide, and most cancer-related deaths are due to metastasis. Our group recently identified a group of cells responsible for initiating and promoting metastasis in several types of human tumour. These cells are characterised by the overexpression of the protein CD36, which absorbs fatty acids from the cell membrane. The metastatic process is enhanced by fat intake, and tumour cells produce more aggressive metastases in the presence of specific fatty acids, such as palmitic acid. In the absence of CD36, the tumours do not develop metastasis, or existing metastases shrink. Thus, blocking fat metabolism may provide an effective therapy to treat cancer patients.

Our research group is interested in why some specific fatty acids are pro-metastatic. One hypothesis is that these fatty acids (e.g. palmitic acid) can covalently attach to proteins and modify their function.

In this course, we will learn how to detect ‘palmitoylated’ proteins by metabolic labelling of proteins in cell culture with a palmitic acid-mimic compound.

 

2. Strategies to Understand Aging and Senescence

Marta Kovatcheva (Cellular Plasticity and Disease)

Scientific research and modern medicine have dramatically extended life expectancy, with the average person in the developed world expected to reach 80 years of age or more. However, this extension in lifespan has had no effect on health span; that is, the number of healthy years a human lives. Aging is still characterised by multiple pathologies including frailty, heart disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases, among many others. 

One of the main hallmarks of ageing is cellular senescence, the phenomenon by which normal cells stop dividing. Senescent cells accumulate in an organism over time, secreting pro-inflammatory molecules and contributing to age-related diseases. There is an increasing interest in clinical medicine to better identify and target senescent cells, as their elimination may delay and ameliorate some age-associated diseases. 

This course provides hands-on experience using different techniques to induce cellular senescence in normal cells. We will learn state-of-the-art techniques to study the molecular biology of senescent cells, analysing in vitro and in vivo samples. Finally, we will perform classical protocols, such as SAβgal staining, to detect senescent cells. These techniques will help us to understand, identify and target senescent cells for clearance, which is a promising therapeutic approach to extend health span.

 

3. Microtubules: Essential Biopolymers for Cell Division

Aamir Ali (Microtubule Organization)

Analogous to the skeletal system that provides morphological structure to the human body, the cytoskeleton determines the shape of a cell. The cytoskeleton consists of the biopolymeric assemblies of microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments, which perform a variety of vital subcellular functions, such as the transport of biomolecules, cell division, organelle positioning, and cell polarization, etc.

Among the cytoskeleton components, microtubules are particularly interesting because of their essential role in cell division. Microtubules are made of alpha–beta–tubulin heterodimers and their assembly is precisely regulated in time and space during the cell cycle. During mitosis, microtubules assemble into a bipolar structure called mitotic spindle that mechanically segregates chromosomes into the daughter cells. The faithful segregation of the chromosomes is attributed to the physical interaction between the microtubule plus ends and a protein structure called kinetochores on the chromosomes. Subcellular depletion of a microtubule-associated CHTOG protein disrupts the microtubule–kinetochore interaction and leads to the unequal division of chromosomes, which is a hallmark of cancer progression.

In this course, we will study how perturbation of microtubules by depletion of CHTOG leads to unfaithful chromosome segregation. We will perform immunofluorescence-staining experiments in cultured osteosarcoma cells to visualise normal and abnormal chromosome segregation and gain insight into the cell division process.

 

4. Unravelling the Molecular Structure of Life 

Blazej Baginski (Structural Characterization of Macromolecular Assemblies)

Proteins and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are the basic building blocks of life. They perform a multitude of functions–from sensing, transporting, and enzymatic regulation, to building the cell’s internal skeleton. Therefore, the fold and 3D-structure of these biomolecules is carefully controlled. A protein’s 3D structure determines its activity, creates receptor binding pockets and enzyme active centres.

Crystallography is one of the few methods that allows the structural determination of such macromolecules with atomic precision. By studying the interactions of crystallised molecules by means of high energy X-rays, it is possible to pinpoint the location of atoms and their bonds in a given molecule of interest.

During this course, we will set up a protein crystallisation experiment, learn the operation of high-precision pipetting robots, and cryogenically freeze protein crystals to prepare them for X-ray data collection at the synchrotron.

 

5. How Do Cells Know What to Do?

Nevenka Radic and Clara Borràs (Signalling and Cell Cycle Laboratory)

Cells are in permanent contact with their changing environment. This means that they have to react to these changes in order to regulate proliferation, survival and migration but also to prevent possible l damage. In this context, cells have developed several mechanisms that allow them to integrate and interpret external signals to produce appropriate responses. These mechanisms, called “signalling pathways”, consist of a series of chemical modifications that occur inside the cell when a certain stimulus is received. One of the crucial modifications in signalling pathways is phosphorylation, during which proteins are phosphorylated by other proteins—the so-called kinases. Each kinase selectively phosphorylates a specific group of proteins, and in this way confers specificity to the signalling pathway. 

In our laboratory, we study a particular kinase called p38 MAPK. This kinase is activated under different cellular stress situations and it plays a critical role in inflammation, cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation, and cell death. Deregulation of this specific signalling pathway can lead to diseases such as cancer. Therefore, we study how p38 MAPK inhibition couldhelp to treat different aspects of tumour formation.

In this course, we will learn about the p38 MAPK signalling pathway and get to know the main laboratory techniques used to study it. We will also use cultured cancer cell lines to see how p38 MAPK influences diverse stages of tumour formation.

 

6. Towards “greener” synthesis of small drugs

Marina Bellido (Research Unit on Asymmetric Synthesis)

Currently one of the main concerns of pharmaceutical companies is the huge volume of by-products generated during the synthesis of drugs. As a result, companies are exploring ways towards more sustainable chemistry and waste reduction. Paul Anastas first defined the “Green Chemistry” field in the 1990s as "the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous compounds." The strategies in this field range from changing to greener solvents to using catalysts, for instance. 

This course introduces the concept of sustainability in chemistry. In particular, we will focus on the first synthesis of Ibuprofen and how it has been improved over the years. As a practical course, we will synthesize this widely used analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug. Additionally, you will get to know standard laboratory techniques and instruments we use for the development of bioactive molecules. 

 

 

 

Venue

El curs de Bojos per la Biomedicina tindrà lloc a les instal·lacions de l'IRB Barcelona.

 

mapa

Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)

Parc Cientific de Barcelona
C/ Baldiri Reixac, 10
08028 Barcelona

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